#Deep Q Network for ENO
#Resetting the battery to BOPT on each day during training
#Increase no. of actions to 10

%matplotlib inline

import pulp
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from random import shuffle
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F

np.random.seed(230228)

# Hyper Parameters
BATCH_SIZE = 24
LR = 0.01                   # learning rate
EPSILON = 0.9               # greedy policy
GAMMA = 0.9                 # reward discount
LAMBDA = 0.8                # parameter decay
TARGET_REPLACE_ITER = 24*7*4*2    # target update frequency (every month)
MEMORY_CAPACITY = 24*7*4*6      # store upto four month worth of memory   

N_ACTIONS = 10 #no. of duty cycles (0,1,2,3,4)
N_STATES = 4 #number of state space parameter [batt, enp, henergy, fcast]
HIDDEN_LAYER = 30

class ENO(object):
    def __init__(self, year=2010):
        self.year = year
        self.day = None
        self.hr = None
        
        self.TIME_STEPS = None
        self.NO_OF_DAYS = None
        
        self.BMIN = 0.0
        self.BMAX = 20000.0 #Battery capacity
        self.BOPT = 0.6 * self.BMAX #Assuming 60% of battery is the optimal level
        self.HMAX = 1000
        
        self.senergy = None #matrix with harvested energy data for the entire year
        self.fforecast = None #matrix with forecast values for each day
        
        self.batt = None #battery variable
        self.enp = None #enp at end of hr
        self.henergy = None #harvested energy variable
        self.fcast = None #forecast variable
    
    #function to map total day energy into day_state
    def get_day_state(self,tot_day_energy):
        if (tot_day_energy < 2500):
            day_state = 0
        elif (2500 <= tot_day_energy < 5000):
            day_state = 1
        elif (5000 <= tot_day_energy < 8000):
            day_state = 2
        elif (8000 <= tot_day_energy < 10000):
            day_state = 3
        elif (10000 <= tot_day_energy < 12000):
            day_state = 4
        else:
            day_state = 5
        return int(day_state)

    #function to get the solar data for the given year and prep it
    def get_data(self):
        filename = str(self.year)+'.csv'
        #skiprows=4 to remove unnecessary title texts
        #usecols=4 to read only the Global Solar Radiation (GSR) values
        solar_radiation = pd.read_csv(filename, skiprows=4, encoding='shift_jisx0213', usecols=[4])
        
        #convert dataframe to numpy array
        solar_radiation = solar_radiation.values
        solar_energy = np.array([i *0.0165*1000000*0.15*1000/(60*60) for i in solar_radiation])
        
        #reshape solar_energy into no_of_daysx24 array
        _senergy = solar_energy.reshape(-1,24)
        _senergy[np.isnan(_senergy)] = 0 #convert missing data in CSV files to zero
        self.senergy = _senergy
        
        
        #create a perfect forecaster
        tot_day_energy = np.sum(_senergy, axis=1) #contains total energy harvested on each day
        get_day_state = np.vectorize(self.get_day_state)
        self.fforecast = get_day_state(tot_day_energy)
        
        return 0
    
    def reset(self):
        
        self.get_data() #first get data for the given year
        
        self.TIME_STEPS = self.senergy.shape[1]
        self.NO_OF_DAYS = self.senergy.shape[0]
        
        print("Environment is RESET")
        
        self.day = 0
        self.hr = 0
        
        self.batt = self.BOPT #battery returns to optimal level
        self.enp = self.BOPT - self.batt #enp is reset to zero
        self.henergy = self.senergy[self.day][self.hr] 
        self.fcast = self.fforecast[self.day]
        
        state = [self.batt/self.BMAX, self.enp/(self.BMAX/2), self.henergy/self.HMAX, self.fcast/5] #normalizing all state values within [0,1] interval
        reward = 0
        done = False
        info = "RESET"
        return [state, reward, done, info]
    
    
    #reward function
    def rewardfn(self):
        mu = 0
        sig = 1000
#         return ((1./(np.sqrt(2.*np.pi)*sig)*np.exp(-np.power((self.enp - mu)/sig, 2.)/2)) * 2000000)-400


        if(np.abs(self.enp) <= 2400): #24hr * 100mW/hr
            return ((1./(np.sqrt(2.*np.pi)*sig)*np.exp(-np.power((self.enp - mu)/sig, 2.)/2)) * 1000000)
        else:
            return -100 - 0.05*np.abs(self.enp)
    
    def step(self, action):
        done = False
        info = "OK"
#         print("Next STEP")
        
        reward = 0
        e_consumed = (action+1)*50
        
        self.batt += (self.henergy - e_consumed)
        self.batt = np.clip(self.batt, self.BMIN, self.BMAX)
        self.enp = self.BOPT - self.batt
        
        if(self.hr < self.TIME_STEPS - 1):
            self.hr += 1
            self.henergy = self.senergy[self.day][self.hr] 
        else:
            if(self.day < self.NO_OF_DAYS -1):
                reward = self.rewardfn() #give reward only at the end of the day
                self.hr = 0
                self.day += 1
                self.henergy = self.senergy[self.day][self.hr] 
                self.fcast = self.fforecast[self.day]
            else:
                reward = self.rewardfn()
                done = True
                info = "End of the year"
                
        _state = [self.batt/self.BMAX, self.enp/(self.BMAX/2), self.henergy/self.HMAX, self.fcast/5]
        return [_state, reward, done, info]

class Net(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, ):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(N_STATES, HIDDEN_LAYER)
        self.fc1.weight.data.normal_(0, 0.1)   # initialization
        
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(HIDDEN_LAYER, HIDDEN_LAYER)
        self.fc2.weight.data.normal_(0, 0.1)   # initialization
        
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(HIDDEN_LAYER, HIDDEN_LAYER)
        self.fc3.weight.data.normal_(0, 0.1)   # initialization
        
        self.fc4 = nn.Linear(HIDDEN_LAYER, HIDDEN_LAYER)
        self.fc4.weight.data.normal_(0, 0.1)   # initialization
        
        self.out = nn.Linear(HIDDEN_LAYER, N_ACTIONS)
        self.out.weight.data.normal_(0, 0.1)   # initialization

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.fc1(x)
        x = F.relu(x)
        actions_value = self.out(x)
        return actions_value

class DQN(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.eval_net, self.target_net = Net(), Net()
        print("Neural net")
        print(self.eval_net)

        self.learn_step_counter = 0                                     # for target updating
        self.memory_counter = 0                                         # for storing memory
        self.memory = np.zeros((MEMORY_CAPACITY, N_STATES * 2 + 2))     # initialize memory [mem: ([s], a, r, [s_]) ]
        self.optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(self.eval_net.parameters(), lr=LR)
        self.loss_func = nn.MSELoss()

    def choose_action(self, x):
        x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.FloatTensor(x), 0)
        # input only one sample
        if np.random.uniform() < EPSILON:   # greedy
            actions_value = self.eval_net.forward(x)
            action = torch.max(actions_value, 1)[1].data.numpy()
            action = action[0] # return the argmax index
        else:   # random
            action = np.random.randint(0, N_ACTIONS)
            action = action
        return action
    
    def choose_greedy_action(self, x):
        x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.FloatTensor(x), 0)
        # input only one sample
    
        actions_value = self.eval_net.forward(x)
        action = torch.max(actions_value, 1)[1].data.numpy()
        action = action[0] # return the argmax index

        return action

    def store_transition(self, s, a, r, s_):
        transition = np.hstack((s, [a, r], s_))
        # replace the old memory with new memory
        index = self.memory_counter % MEMORY_CAPACITY
        self.memory[index, :] = transition
        self.memory_counter += 1

    def learn(self):
        # target parameter update
        if self.learn_step_counter % TARGET_REPLACE_ITER == 0:
            self.target_net.load_state_dict(self.eval_net.state_dict())
        self.learn_step_counter += 1

        # sample batch transitions
        sample_index = np.random.choice(MEMORY_CAPACITY, BATCH_SIZE)
        b_memory = self.memory[sample_index, :]
        b_s = torch.FloatTensor(b_memory[:, :N_STATES])
        b_a = torch.LongTensor(b_memory[:, N_STATES:N_STATES+1].astype(int))
        b_r = torch.FloatTensor(b_memory[:, N_STATES+1:N_STATES+2])
        b_s_ = torch.FloatTensor(b_memory[:, -N_STATES:])

        # q_eval w.r.t the action in experience
        q_eval = self.eval_net(b_s).gather(1, b_a)  # shape (batch, 1)
        q_next = self.target_net(b_s_).detach()     # detach from graph, don't backpropagate
        q_target = b_r + GAMMA * q_next.max(1)[0].view(BATCH_SIZE, 1)   # shape (batch, 1)
        loss = self.loss_func(q_eval, q_target)

        self.optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        self.optimizer.step()

dqn = DQN()
eno = ENO(2010)
NO_OF_ITERATIONS = 100
avg_reward_rec = np.empty(1)
for iteration in range(NO_OF_ITERATIONS):
    print('\nCollecting experience... Iteration:', iteration)
    s, r, done, info = eno.reset()
    record = np.empty(4)

    while True:
    #     print([eno.day, eno.hr])

        a = dqn.choose_action(s)
    #     print("Actin is ",a)
        #state = [batt, enp, henergy, fcast]
        record = np.vstack((record, [s[0],s[2],r, a])) #record battery, henergy, reward and action
    #     print("Action is" , a)
        # take action
        s_, r, done, info = eno.step(a)
    #     print([s_,r])
    #     print("\n")
        if eno.hr == 0:
            eno.batt = eno.BOPT #resetting the battery to the optimal value for each day
        dqn.store_transition(s, a, r, s_)

        if dqn.memory_counter > MEMORY_CAPACITY:
            dqn.learn()

        if done:
            print("End of Data")
            break

        s = s_

    record = np.delete(record, 0, 0) #remove the first row which is garbage

    reward_rec = record[:,2]
    reward_rec = reward_rec[reward_rec != 0]
    print("Average reward =", np.mean(reward_rec) )
    avg_reward_rec = np.append(avg_reward_rec, np.mean(reward_rec))

    action_rec = record[:,3]

    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))

    ax1 = fig.add_subplot(1,2,1)
    ax1.plot(reward_rec,'y')
    plt.ylabel("REWARD")
    plt.xlabel("Day")
    ax1.set_ylim([-400,400])

    ax2 = fig.add_subplot(1,2,2)
    plt.hist(action_rec, rwidth=0.75)#     plt.ylabel("Action")

    fig.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

avg_reward_rec = np.delete(avg_reward_rec, 0, 0) #remove the first row which is garbage
plt.plot(avg_reward_rec,'b')

Neural net
Net(
  (fc1): Linear(in_features=4, out_features=30, bias=True)
  (fc2): Linear(in_features=30, out_features=30, bias=True)
  (fc3): Linear(in_features=30, out_features=30, bias=True)
  (fc4): Linear(in_features=30, out_features=30, bias=True)
  (out): Linear(in_features=30, out_features=10, bias=True)
)

Collecting experience... Iteration: 0
Environment is RESET
End of Data
Average reward = -185.87345460604027

Collecting experience... Iteration: 1
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End of Data
Average reward = -86.0657539170023

Collecting experience... Iteration: 2
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Average reward = -55.34468910426806

Collecting experience... Iteration: 3
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Average reward = -48.57709971192084

Collecting experience... Iteration: 4
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Average reward = -8.529464503764212

Collecting experience... Iteration: 5
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Average reward = 19.67111356278309

Collecting experience... Iteration: 6
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Average reward = 11.05590835949245

Collecting experience... Iteration: 7
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Average reward = 10.304238485796514

Collecting experience... Iteration: 8
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Average reward = 18.369843688980808

Collecting experience... Iteration: 9
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Average reward = -6.034910918464307

Collecting experience... Iteration: 10
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Average reward = -45.113413511606545

Collecting experience... Iteration: 11
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Average reward = -30.795264671319355

Collecting experience... Iteration: 12
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Average reward = -35.39885521361504

Collecting experience... Iteration: 13
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Average reward = -49.19182696653485

Collecting experience... Iteration: 14
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Average reward = -59.98452315983826

Collecting experience... Iteration: 15
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Average reward = -86.8952976852428

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Average reward = -84.15299948042312

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Average reward = -78.08232768330797

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Average reward = -29.535080041506603

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Average reward = -36.34851960910836

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Average reward = -29.383501386976988

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Average reward = -30.727958098816128

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Average reward = -32.767652719493114

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Average reward = -36.0175076363683

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Average reward = -66.86493554985344

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Average reward = -49.18293888898712

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Average reward = -37.65260708339394

Collecting experience... Iteration: 27
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Average reward = -32.568720654902904

Collecting experience... Iteration: 28
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Average reward = -25.559123234151425

Collecting experience... Iteration: 29
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Average reward = -36.553654124452414

Collecting experience... Iteration: 30
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Average reward = -16.41201904924154

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Average reward = -24.881513356574306

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Average reward = -51.716168646926896

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Average reward = -20.881903715805752

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Average reward = -25.350440194026092

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Average reward = -70.41706533596084

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Average reward = -36.930805270008534

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Average reward = -45.36741770663299

Collecting experience... Iteration: 38
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Average reward = -37.05270958678079

Collecting experience... Iteration: 39
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Average reward = -19.08855985817286

Collecting experience... Iteration: 40
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Average reward = -82.32347370471042

Collecting experience... Iteration: 41
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Average reward = -75.48196993212802

Collecting experience... Iteration: 42
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Average reward = -27.736347172654956

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Average reward = -69.32896176626825

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Average reward = -76.992360756789

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Average reward = -44.35729385754836

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Average reward = -71.43908153129476

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Average reward = -39.36648148087206

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Average reward = -74.08573415468128

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Average reward = -78.21501139746393

Collecting experience... Iteration: 50
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Average reward = -96.28480613101303

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Average reward = -80.62049790259107

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Average reward = -83.23501783274747

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Average reward = -72.72941515346236

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Average reward = -62.66826535902495

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Average reward = -38.472899775067816

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Average reward = -42.21245582134818

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Average reward = -39.38236779268171

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Average reward = -25.12813401658222

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Average reward = -41.453894874828336

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Average reward = -50.295472593048025

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Average reward = -33.81230327174785

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Average reward = -24.21415691121329

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Average reward = -20.44590222984736

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Average reward = -19.76301603716482

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Average reward = -44.27633483741855

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Average reward = -52.97278518070407

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Average reward = -13.71115232095381

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Average reward = -10.506280214313847

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Average reward = -56.29702199181756

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Average reward = -44.088100157276905

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Average reward = -15.25591391885712

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Average reward = -65.54601038043464

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Average reward = -78.90250409496277

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Average reward = -68.05834439040166

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Average reward = -55.661145887231235

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Average reward = -9.317155349153012

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Average reward = -40.13080369338633

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Average reward = -73.91605939728467

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Average reward = -56.22379376307517

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Average reward = -52.9801435809179

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Average reward = -64.3108323371185

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Average reward = -57.8379268908847

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Average reward = -40.606824957312604

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Average reward = -96.74594282065945

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Average reward = -57.09683222677056

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Average reward = -37.40022155121314

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Average reward = -42.57797046067098

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Average reward = -17.34539248090113

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Average reward = -4.807074968526939

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Average reward = 12.170660089273987

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Average reward = -38.5068013989601

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Average reward = -88.64188345870244

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Average reward = -7.702406166817142

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Average reward = -53.26333069030102

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Average reward = -31.21267983778319

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Average reward = -42.74226106919014

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Average reward = -24.026329552410395

Collecting experience... Iteration: 98
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Average reward = -14.386726437296053

Collecting experience... Iteration: 99
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Average reward = -40.80219235711661

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f8a89c09860>]

print('\nTesting...')
s, r, done, info = eno.reset()
test_record = np.empty(4)

while True:
#     print([eno.day, eno.hr])

    a = dqn.choose_greedy_action(s)
    
    #state = [batt, enp, henergy, fcast]
    test_record = np.vstack((test_record, [s[0],s[2],r, a])) #record battery, henergy, reward and action
#     print("Action is" , a)
    # take action
    s_, r, done, info = eno.step(a)
#     print([s_,r])
#     print("\n")
    if eno.hr == 0:
        eno.batt = eno.BOPT #resetting the battery to the optimal value for each day
   
    if done:
        print("End of Data")
        break
       
    s = s_

Testing...
Environment is RESET
End of Data

test_reward_rec = test_record[:,2]
test_reward_rec = test_reward_rec[test_reward_rec != 0]
plt.plot(test_reward_rec)

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f8a89b59208>]

plt.plot(test_record[:,0],'r')

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x7f8a859167b8>]

#Average Battery Percentage
np.mean(test_record[:,0])

0.6884495099018376

for DAY in range(eno.NO_OF_DAYS):
    START = DAY*24
    END = START+24

    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,4))
    st = fig.suptitle("DAY %s" %(DAY))

    ax1 = fig.add_subplot(141)
    ax1.plot(test_record[START:END,0])
    ax1.set_title("Battery")
    ax1.set_ylim([0,1])

    ax2 = fig.add_subplot(142)
    ax2.plot(test_record[START:END,1])
    ax2.set_title("Harvested Energy")
    ax2.set_ylim([0,1])

    ax3 = fig.add_subplot(144)
    ax3.axis('off')
    if END < (eno.NO_OF_DAYS*eno.TIME_STEPS):
        plt.text(0.5, 0.5, "REWARD = %.2f\n" %(test_record[END+1,2]),fontsize=14, ha='center')

    ax4 = fig.add_subplot(143)
    ax4.plot(test_record[START:END,3])
    ax4.set_title("Action")
    ax4.set_ylim([0,N_ACTIONS])

    fig.tight_layout()
    st.set_y(0.95)
    fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.75)
    plt.show()